The Test and Initialization

Obviously, we want to benchmark a few things on our XBOX cluster, but we need some points of reference. To do that, we took a few systems that we had around the lab of various cost and power, and configured them with SUSE Linux 9.1. All of our benchmarks are run without X running, since we want to minimize the load on the systems. Below is a breakdown of several of the systems that we are looking at to compare our XBOX on a desktop level.

Various Cheap Desktops
Desktop XBOX Linux Cluster Sempron 2200+ Celeron 2.0GHz
Processor PIII 733MHz 128K L2 Sempron 2200+ Celeron 2.0GHz
Motherboard NVIDIA MCPX X3 MSI K7N2G ASROCK P4I45GV R5
Hard Drive Seagate 5400RPM 8GB Seagate 5400RPM 8GB
RAM 64MB Shared PC3200 256MB PC2100
Operating System Xebian 1.03.2
SUSE 9.1
SUSE 9.1
Kernel 2.4.26 (Xebian)
2.6.4 (SUSE)
2.6.4
Compiler linux:~ # gcc -v Reading specs from /usr/lib64/gcc-lib/x86_64-suse-linux/3.3.3/specs Configured with: ../configure --enable-threads=posix --prefix=/usr --with-local-prefix=/usr/local --infodir=/usr/share/info --mandir=/usr/share/man --enable-languages=c,c++,f77,objc,java,ada --disable-checking --libdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-libgcj --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/g++ --with-slibdir=/lib64 --with-system-zlib --enable-shared --enable-__cxa_atexit x86_64-suse-linux Thread model: posix gcc version 3.3.3 (SuSE Linux)
Cost $210 (including mod chip) $287 $277

As you can see, it's pretty difficult to get a cheap AMD or Celeron system in the fray (cost includes case, CPU, motherboard, memory, hard drive, DVD Player and cooling). All configurations use integrated video. The Semprons and Celerons are going to be much faster than our 733MHz XBOX, although the footprints on the Sempron and Celeron setups are pretty terrible - they take up the full space of a mid-ATX case. The XBOX is also the significantly quieter solution. Unfortunately, the XBOX has very little memory and when we fire X, the XBOX is really going to take a hit in performance.

As you may notice, we are still running SUSE 9.1 instead of 9.2; we haven't had the chance to validate and update 9.2 yet, and our server benchmarks were already done on SUSE 9.1 configurations with GCC 3.3.3.

Various Performance Configurations
Desktop XBOX Linux Cluster Dual Opteron 250 Dual Xeon 3.6GHz
Processor (8) PIII 733MHz 128K L2 (2) Opteron 250 (2) Xeon 3.6GHz
Motherboard NVIDIA MCPX X3 Tyan K8W SuperMicro X6DA8-G2
Hard Drive (8) Seagate 5400RPM 10GB Seagate 120GB 7200RPM IDE 8MB Cache
RAM 64MB Shared PC2100 4GB DDR-400 4GB DDR2-400
Operating System SUSE 9.1 SUSE 9.1 SUSE 9.1
Kernel 2.6.4 2.6.4
Compiler linux:~ # gcc -v Reading specs from /usr/lib64/gcc-lib/x86_64-suse-linux/3.3.3/specs Configured with: ../configure --enable-threads=posix --prefix=/usr --with-local-prefix=/usr/local --infodir=/usr/share/info --mandir=/usr/share/man --enable-languages=c,c++,f77,objc,java,ada --disable-checking --libdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-libgcj --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/g++ --with-slibdir=/lib64 --with-system-zlib --enable-shared --enable-__cxa_atexit x86_64-suse-linux Thread model: posix gcc version 3.3.3 (SuSE Linux)
Cost $1680 (included mod chips) ›$4000 ›$4000

Our XBOX cluster costs considerably less than a performance workstation or server. The machines listed above were actually tested back in August, so we used the same OS and compiler setup from August. The eight-node XBOX cluster comes in at less than half that of the Opteron or Xeon setup, but of course, cannot offer us 64-bit capabilities amount other things.

Installing SUSE on the XBOX for the first time was not a simple task. The problem is that that the 8GB hard drives shipped with each XBOX is "locked" (you may read more about this here) so that it may only be booted by its own XBOX. There is an old, hacky guide that details how to get the normal XBOX hard drive to boot on a PC so that we can cross-install an operating system. The basic jist of the article follows:
  • Leave the hard drive connected via the IDE and power cable to the XBOX and boot the Microsoft BIOS
  • Boot the PC, but pause the installer before the Linux kernel loads
  • Hot swap the hard drive from the XBOX to the PC (dangerous)
  • Install Linux near the end of the hard drive
  • Disconnect IDE cable, reboot PC
  • Connect IDE cable before kernel initializes, then continue with installation and configuration of the OS
  • Power down PC and XBOX, then reconnect the hard drive to the XBOX as usual
This very simple hack exploits the fact that even though the XBOX has a 10GB hard drive, it pretends that only a 8GB drive is installed. We can do pretty much anything that we want on the last 2GB of the drive without the Microsoft BIOS giving us a hard time. Now that you have read all that, be aware that hard drive swapping is the hard way; SmartXX to the rescue.



In the SmartXX OS, we actually have a tool to unlock the hard drive completely (or lock it back up later). This saved us a ton of work and we simply unlocked all of the 10GB hard drives shipped with our system. Thanks, SmartXX!

Advantages and Drawbacks of the Design Desktop Performance
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  • Nepsir - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    I was just wondering if you will do a test with mental ray on the cluster (I think you mentioned something about Mental Ray in the article). It would be really interesting to see the results of that since me and a couple of friends got modded X-Boxes and I have a 3dsMax6 license (Mental Ray is included).
  • gibson042 - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    You might want to look at the "mini-cluster" project (http://www.mini-itx.com/projects/cluster/) when planning/designing/building your EPIA cluster. It's a 12-node (originally 6) cluster developed by Glen Gardner, and appears to be the same size or a little smaller than a stack of an equal number of XBOXes. Of course, the frame is custom built and the hardware is exposed to the world.
  • Aikouka - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    I can say that I love having a modded xbox, because the capabilities are so much greater. As discussed earlier, a software mod can be a great way to do it (although it usually requires a game unless you want to take your HDD out, which is NOT a fun method unless you love swapping IDE cables.)

    It's also good to note that you should be careful when modding these or even make a backup of the hdd on your system, because things can go wrong, and if you like to fiddle with things, then your chances will be a lot higher. I know at one point I was stuck in error 16 and had to pull the HDD out and unlock it using the IDE swap method.

    Are there plans for an article on modding something such as the PS2? I just recently tried a no-solder modchip in the PS2, and it doesn't seem to be going along too well. Maybe it's time for a flip-top.
  • Scarceas - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    "We crimped our own cabling as you can see in the image below."

    I'm still looking for the image, I know its there somewhere!
  • bleugh - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    If anyone wants their xbox motherboards upgraded to 128 megabytes of memory, I can do it

    I'm UK based and use BRAND NEW samsung memory chips

    I can upgrade your existing motherboards, sell you ready upgraded boards, or even just the chips!

    if one of the anandtech team wants their xboxes upgraded i'll happily do it at cost, please contact me to discuss

    Dean
  • LotoBak - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    First, XBox live banning....

    Basically this is how it used to work. When your on live it does a hash of your bios. A mod replaces your bios. If you bios is not the retail ms bios the serial (eeprom) is blacklisted. NOW since halo2 has been released it appears that MS has changed a while bunch of shit on us. Preliminary information indicates that MS is banning by hard drive serial+model numbers, xbox serial, and flagging the gamertag as 'potential pirate'. Thus to unban the xbox both a new hdd and eeprom are needed. Then you must cancel and create a new xbox live account. There are more details about how it all works but bottom line is we dont know how it works now. They can throw new stuff at us anytime now. Rumors are flying that hdd capacities are being scanned as well. For all intents and perposes xbox + modded xbox's do not mix.

    Yes there is a PS1 emu for xbox. That said xbox DVD drives do not read cd-r (or retail ps1 games) Therefor all games must be transfered to the xbox hdd in bin/cue or iso format

    When comparing mods remember, the mod contains no modded bios stuff. They are useless in them selves. You will need to aquire a modded bios for your xbox (online, free). What this means is that every mod can contain the same bios's. Therefor they all contain the same base features (mostly booting unsigned code). Hardware features and support is where you want to base your decision on. If you want cheap + no manufacterer support there are 10$ solutions around for you(enabled/disables with power button). If you want support with a mod with a few extra hardware features (2 bios's, external switch) that'll cost around 30-40. Fancy Shamcy lcd support, 8 bios banks, blah blah blah fancy external thing thoes are up to 75ish. But in the end they all allow you to run the same software on the xbox.

    if you want to learn read some beginner tutorials at http://tutorials.xbox-scene.com
  • Omega215D - Thursday, November 11, 2004 - link

    After seeing Halo 2, it makes me wonder if they really need Pixel Shader 2.0. Its pretty cool that I can play old games on the XBOx through emulators though but i wanna see when the next XBOX kicks off before spending $200.
  • ViRGE - Wednesday, November 10, 2004 - link

    #12, probably not. The Xbox's GPU is a GeForce 4 class GPU - the lack of Pixel Shader 2.0 features can really be limiting.
  • euph - Wednesday, November 10, 2004 - link

    is there any way to use the gpu for the pov-ray rendering?
  • ukDave - Wednesday, November 10, 2004 - link

    Little quote that sums up the SmartXX XBL saga:

    Q: just bought a Smart XX mod and I still don't know if i'll be able to play xbox live so please somebody tell me if i'll be able to play it.
    A: There is no easy way to answer this question. First of all, it all depends on circumstance. Have you upgraded your hard drive? Has your Xbox ever been banned before? And, for newbs, are you thinking about playing on live while using a bios from the chip.

    If you answered yes to any of these questions you've won a lifetime ban from Microsoft!


    Sleep time :) And i don't even use XBL :D

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