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  December 1, 2008

LINPACK: Nehalem vs Shanghai part 2
blog post by Johan De Gelas
The last post generated some very interesting comments and questions, which I wanted to address. Unfortunately, some people misinterpreted the post as a "the best scores Nehalem and Shanghai can get in Linpack" review.
 
So let me make this very clear: this and the previous blogpost are not meant to be a "buyer's guide". The Nehalem desktop system and AMD "Shanghai" server are completely different machines, targeted at totally different markets. Normally, we should wait for the Xeon 5500 to run these kind of benchmarks, but consider this a preview out of curiosity.
 
Secondly, we were not trying to get the highest possible LINPACK scores on both architectures. We wanted to use one binary which has good optimizations for both AMD's and Intel CPU's. Fully optimized binaries won't even run on the other CPU. Our only goal is to get an idea how the Nehalem and Shanghai architectures compare when running a "LINPACK" alike binary which is optimized to run on all machines.
 
Thirdly, this is not our review of course. This is a blogpost which talks about some of the tests we are doing for the review.
 
MKL on AMD?
Using the Intel Math Kernel Libraries on an AMD CPU is of course a good way to start some heavy debates. As I pointed out in the last blogpost however, in some cases, the slightly older MKL versions still do a very good job on AMD CPUs when you benchmark with low matrix sizes. You don't have to take my word for it of course.
 
Compare the Intel Linpack 9.0 (available mid 2007) with the binary that AMD produced at the end of 2007. AMD made a K10 only version using the ACML version 4.0.0, and compiling Linpack with the PGI 7.0.7 compiler (with following flags: pgcc -O3 -fast -tp=barcelona-64).
 
All the benchmarks below are done on one CPU with 4 GB (AMD, Intel Xeon) or 3 GB (Intel Core i7). Speedstep, Powernow! and Turbo mode were disabled. 
 
LINPACK version 2007
 
As predicted, the ACML binary which was compiled with 2007 compiler is slower than the MKL "2007" version also compiled in 2007. The MKL version runs on any CPU that has support for (S)SSE-3, so it continues to be a very interesting one for us to test. As you can clearly see from the Xeon 5472 (3 GHz) score, it is not fully optimized for the latest 45 nm Intel CPUs with SSE-4. It is a good "not too optimized" version which can be used on both Intel and AMD CPUs.  You can clearly see this as the 3 GHz Xeon 5472 is behind the AMD Opteron 8384. If this Intel Binary was giving the AMD CPUs a badly optimized code path, this would not be possible.
 
As we move forward to 2008,  we have to create a new binary as both AMD and Intel's fully optimized Linpack versions will not run on the competitor's CPU. Intel released the Linpack benchmark version 10.1, which is not fully optimized for the "Nehalem" architecture, but for 45 nm "Harpertown" family.
 
AMD has created a new Linpack binary using ACML 4.2 and the PGI 7.2-4 compiler.  Below you see how the two CPUs compare.
 
LINPACK version late 2008
 
Bottom line is that these LINPACK benchmarks are moving targets like the SPEC CPU benchmarks, as the compilers and libraries used are just as important as the CPUs.When the Xeon 5500 will materialize, LINPACK performance will probably be higher as the binary is built for the "Penryn/Harpertown" family.
 
While it is useful for the HPC people to see which CPU + compiler can offer the best performance, it is also interesting to understand what kind of performance you get when you compile binaries that have to run on all current CPUs. It is pretty hard to compare CPU architectures if you are using totally different binaries.
 
In the next post we'll delve a bit deeper on what is happening with Hyperthreading, Linpack and the new architectures.

December 1, 2008, 27 comments
  November 28, 2008

LINPACK: Intel's Nehalem versus AMD Shanghai
blog post by Johan De Gelas
A "beta BIOS update" broke compatibility with ESX, so we had to postpone our virtualization testing on our quad CPU AMD 8384 System.
 
So we started an in depth comparison of the 45 nm Opterons, Xeons and Core i7 CPUs. One of our benchmarks, the famous LINPACK (you can read all about it here) painted a pretty interesting performance picture. We had to test with a matrix size of 18000 (2.5 GB of RAM necessary), as we only had 3 GB of DDR-3 on the Core i7 platform. That should not be a huge problem as we tested with only one CPU. We normally need about 4 GB for each quadcore CPU to reach the best performance.
 
We also used the 9.1 version of Intel's LINPACK, as we wanted the same binary on both platforms. As we have show before, this version of LINPACK performs best on both AMD and Intel platforms when the matrix size is low. The current 10.1 version does not work on AMD CPUs unfortunately.
 
We don't pretend that the comparison is completely fair: the Nehalem platform uses unbuffered RAM which has slightly lower latency and higher bandwidth than the Xeon "Nehalem" will get. But we had to satisfy our curiousity: how does the new "Shanghai" core  compare to "Nehalem"?
 

 
 LINPACK

 
Quite interesting, don't you think? Hyperthreading (SMT) gives the Nehalem core a significant advantage in most multi-threaded applications, but not in Linpack: it slows the CPU down by 10%. May we have found the first multi-threaded application that is slowed down by Hyperthreading on Nehalem? That should not spoil the fun for Intel though, as many other HPC benchmarks show a larger gap. AMD has the advantage of being first to the market, Nehalem based Xeons are still a few months away.
 
Also, the impact of the memory subsystem is limited, as a 50% increase in memory speed results in a meager 6% performance increase. The Math Kernel Libraries are so well optimized that the effect of memory speed is minimized. This in great contrast to other HPC applications where the tripple channel DDR-3 memory system of Nehalem really pays off. More later...
 
 

November 28, 2008, 59 comments
  November 27, 2008

My Dream Notebook, SSDs and what they mean for Notebooks, Touch Interfaces and more...
blog post by Anand Lal Shimpi
I've been working on a side project with ASUS called WePC.com. The idea is pretty cool: ASUS is tapping the community for ideas on what they'd like to see from its users in future notebook designs. 

ASUS brought in several authors from around the web to talk about various aspects of computing. I wrote a handful of posts about everything from my dream notebook to the future of input devices on PCs

I'd really like your feedback on some of these things I posted over there. They are very short blog posts atypical of the type of writing I normally do here at AT, but I'd like to know your thoughts. 

If you want to comment on the content specifically, head over there and take a look at them. If you want to let me know if you'd like to see similar styled articles over here, respond to this post. For those of you in the US, Happy Thanksgiving :)

November 27, 2008, 14 comments
  November 25, 2008

Lab Notes - Gigabyte GA-E7AUM-DS2H - GF9400
blog post by Gary Key

Remember the NVIDIA GeForce 9300/9400 launch a few weeks ago, yeah we forgot about it also, until NVIDIA called last week to remind us this product was no longer on life support. All joking aside, this product introduction turned out to be a paper launch for the most part with ASUS being the only partner that delivered boards into the retail channel, and barely at that. Over the course of the last week, supply is finally catching up to demand with a variety of boards being available through most channels now.

In the meantime, we had this small thing called the i7 launch and it has consumed us for the past few weeks, too much so to be honest. Instead of completing our IGP Chronicles Part 4 with a final look at the GF9300 and AMD 790GX product lines, we ended up waiting and waiting and waiting on the GF9300 product to show up for review. In hindsight, this was the wrong direction to take after it became obvious that the product was being delayed without "officially" being delayed. Apologies are in order for the wait, but fortunately we received our retail review samples from MSI, EVGA, and Gigabyte today. We should have the Zotac GF9300 here by Friday. Our i7/X58 motherboard coverage starts in a couple of days and with those boards tested and out of the way, we can get back to covering product that most of us afford.

We really liked the GF9300 in our launch coverage and considered it to be the ideal chipset for the HTPC and SOHO markets. We had a few problems (growing pains) with the chipset, BIOS, and drivers, but for the most part our concerns have been addressed with the latest driver and BIOS releases. We are still experiencing problems getting CAS4 stable but based on initial testing with the new boards today, it appears the product has matured quickly. This development, along with decent supply, has us strongly recommending the GF9300 product now.

Of course the question now is which motherboard to recommend. We still have significant testing to complete but the Gigabyte GA-E7AUM-DS2H has caught our eye in early testing.

The GA-E7AUM-DS2H features the speedier GF9400 chipset, four DDR2 DIMM slots with 16GB support, Realtek RTL-8211CL Gigabit LAN, Realtek ALC 889a HD audio codec, 5 3Gb/s SATA ports and 1 3Gb/s eSATA port (RAID 0, 1, 0+1, 5, and JBOD), IEEE 1394a via a T.I. TSB43AB23 chipset, an x16 PCIe 2.0 slot, one x1 PCIe slot, and two PCI slots. Gigabyte covers most of the video standards with VGA, HDMI, and DVI-D outputs. All in all, a full featured uATX board that appears to also be a decent overclocker. Our E8400 has reached a stable 450FSB in early testing and the performance of this board is already at the top compared to other boards in this category.

That is it for now, we will be back as soon as possible to wrap up our IGP series. In case this makes any difference in your purchasing decision before Black Friday, we will be recommending the GA-E7AUM-DS2H in our upcoming buyer's guide.


November 25, 2008, 22 comments
  November 25, 2008

New Pictures of Cooler Master's Black Edition Bundle
blog post by Christoph Katzer

Cooler Master gave us some more insides on their upcoming Black Edition of the Cosmos chassis. As it seems the changes to the case are rather minor, besides the black paint. There will not be any change to the hard drive bays as we have hoped for. It's a matter of fact that the case seems not changed at all. Even the large flat front door will come as it was. If you are interested in the further outcome and more information about this bundle be sure to hit Cooler Master's special website for the Black Edition.


November 25, 2008, 7 comments
  November 21, 2008

Cooler Master Reveals New Luxury Limited Edition Bundle
blog post by Christoph Katzer

Cooler Master announced the pending arrival of a luxury edition of... yes, of what exactly? Cooler Master couldn't tell us exactly what the full package will entail, but the manufacturer at least revealed a picture of a modified Cosmos chassis and some specs and information for a "luxurious limited edition bundle". Within the package users will get a modified Cosmos chassis decked out in black on the outside and inside. The bundle is to provide "the best products Cooler Master has to offer", so we expect it will also include a power supply, and possibly a water-cooling system or air-coolers for the CPU and GPU. There might be a few other items as well.

Cooler Master also indicates the chassis will have some upgrades in the form of two 140mm fans and a new hard drive bay that includes a 120mm fan. The only picture available right now is the above image, but we do know the chassis is "a special version of the popular Cosmos", so it should be similar to the Cosmos 1000 that has been in the market for a while. Let's look at the Cosmos 1000 a bit more to get an idea of what to expect.

Looking at the inside we see two top-mounted 120mm fans, which are now being changed to two 140mm fans. Since the existing Cosmos 1000 cases already have 140mm mounting holes, this change won't present any problems.

The drive bays will needs some changes to accommodate the new "HDD cooling module with 120mm fan". The number and arrangement of 3.5" bays in the module is not yet known; it could remain six like in the existing Cosmos with a fan in front, or the fan could take up two of the existing HDD spots.

We have seen some black painted interiors in the past, for example from Antec, and these were popular among a certain segment of users. Of course, it costs extra to paint the chassis interior and exterior, especially if you use high-quality paint, and you need to account for additional defect rates. Not long ago, Cooler Master offered CSX brand custom paintjobs, so the idea of a case with high-gloss black paint inside and out might have started there. It's unlikely that the CSX artists have anything to do with the painting of the limited Black Edition, however. Here are some additional pictures of the Cosmos 1000 for reference.

Besides the products, Cooler Master also offers all customers buying the Black Edition bundle exclusive membership in Cooler Master's VIP Club. Details of what this entails are scarce, but this membership provides benefits such as "exclusive articles, downloads, forum access, VIP invites, and much more". Cooler Master is keeping the remaining details secret until December 11, at which time we should also hear about pricing (though we'd hazard "not cheap" is a safe bet).

Until then, we're left with more questions than answers, but Cooler Master expects these bundled cases to fly off the shelves, so if this sounds like something interesting you might want to reserve the date. There will only be 500 of these custom cases/bundles available worldwide, each individually numbered, with no plans for further production. Hopefully the additional components will be as special as the case, or users might need to think twice about whether or not the bundle is worth the price of admission.


November 21, 2008, 12 comments
  November 17, 2008

Lab Notes - EVGA X58 SLI
blog post by Gary Key

As of today, the Intel Core i7 processor series and X58 chipset based motherboards are "officially" on sale. With that bit of news out of the way, EVGA is officially launching their X58 SLI motherboard today.  We received a retail board on Saturday and have been running it through the benchmark gauntlet for the past 37 (and counting) hours.  It's amazing what one can try to accomplish with a case of Rockstar and a few AC/DC albums.  However, even unlimited amounts of caffeine and Angus Young failed to get us to the point of having a full preview ready tonight.  That will come later today but in the meantime we would like to provide a recap of our experiences this weekend.

First off, the EVGA X58 SLI motherboard is a solid piece of workmanship, feature laden, and offers excellent performance when compared to its competition from ASUS, Gigabyte, Intel, and MSI.  Aside from some early BIOS problems and a couple of questionable layout decisions, we have throughly enjoyed our time so far with the board.  A few hours ago, we were singing a different tune but have since worked through a few problems with EVGA.

EVGA is prepping a new BIOS at this moment to address some items of interest.  Like most initial BIOS releases, there are usually a few items that need to be corrected.  Most of our items are minor or just recommendations, but we had a couple of issues that had us shaking our heads.  Fortunately, EVGA normally provides excellent customer support and that is the case with this board.

The current BIOS release does not support overclocking profiles, so those enthusiasts who like to overclock will find themselves resetting numerous BIOS options if an overclock setting goes awry.  Not a major item, but one we think should have been addressed before retail release for an enthusiast level board. Especially one that will save users significant keyboard time as they go through the process of figuring out what overclocked settings work or not.

We also discovered during testing that setting the ICH10R to AHCI/RAID operation causes a bit of a problem for us storage hounds.  After switching from IDE mode to AHCI/RAID on the ICH10R, if the user tries to install a drive on ports four or five, then hard drives on ports zero through three will not be recognized.  This also holds true if you attach a hard drive to the JMicron SATA/eSATA ports on the board or install a RAID card on of the available PCIe slots.  This problem will be addressed very shortly. (Update - EVGA delivered a new BIOS this morning to address this problem.)

The only other item of note is that the user will need to disable EIST (speedstep) and CxE for the system to overclock properly. We found out the hard way that disabling all the power management functions but leaving CxE set to Auto will create some very interesting and frustrating overclock sessions. EVGA recommends the Load Optimal settings routine after the first POST and then again if the board does not recover properly from an errant BIOS setting as it could remain in safe mode. Several power management items will be turned off as a result of this action, but CxE is left at Auto with the BIOS setting enabled instead of disabled in this situation. This holds true with the available auto overclocking feature and the results will more than likely end in an BSOD or several of them. CxE will be disabled in these situations in an upcoming BIOS release. (Update - EVGA delivered a new BIOS this morning to address this problem.)

Once we had the board setup properly, we were rewarded with some excellent results from our i920 setup. Our "safe" overclock on air cooling ended up being a 21x196 configuration with Turbo enabled. This resulted in a final core speed of 4115MHz on 1.40V. Actual voltage was 1.411V as the board will slightly overvolt at this point.

Our Corsair 6GB DDR3 Tri-Channel kit afforded us a 8-8-8-19 1T setting at DDR3-1568 on 1.65V. EVGA is still tuning memory performance, so we expect this board to match our settings on the ASUS P6T-Deluxe board that ran at 7-8-7-20 1T. Currently CL5 and TRAS 15 is not available for users who want to push timings at 1066/1333. (Update - BIOS update this morning opens up CL5 and TRAS 15 settings)  Even so, this board offers excellent performance at stock settings or when overclocked.

We will be back shortly with a quick look at the board, BIOS features, overclocking, and general performance results against the like priced ASUS P6T-Deluxe OC Palm Edition. Our full X58 roundup will be published later this week with boards from ASUS, Gigabyte, MSI, Intel, EVGA, and maybe even DFI. In the meantime, we would like to give a shout out to TankGuys for getting us setup with some retail i7 processors this weekend.

 


November 17, 2008, 9 comments
  November 13, 2008

Lab Notes - J&W MINIX 780G-SP128MB
blog post by Gary Key

We recently received several mini-ITX form factor boards for an upcoming HTPC guide. These boards represent a wide variety of chipsets ranging from the Intel G45 to the NVIDIA GF8200. However, none of them prepared us for the motherboard that we received from J&W Technology.

Based on the AMD 780G chipset, the MINIX 780G-SP128MB is one of the most impressive motherboard designs we have seen in the labs recently.  Impressive not only from an aesthetic and layout viewpoint, but the quality of components and available ports put this board ahead of our other candidates.  However, since it is based on the 780G chipset, the board carries a penalty for HTPC users as multi-channel LPCM via HDMI output is not available. If you can live without that feature then we highly recommend this board.   

J&W managed to shoehorn four SATA 3Gbps ports, IDE connectivity, a physical x16 PCIe 2.0 slot, two SO-DIMM slots, a USB 2.0 header providing four additional ports, COM header, IR connector, and an iPartner Control Center header. The PCIe x16 slot actually operates at x4 electronically due to the limitation of available trace counts on the mini-ITX board design. This could be seen as a limitation, but the primary purpose of the board was never to be a high-end gaming system.

That said, we have not noticed any real performance differences when utilizing our HD 4350, HD 4550, or HD 4670 video cards on this board compared to a uATX 780G board from Gigabyte. In fact, an HD 4350 card on this board will offer improved casual gaming performance while also providing multi-channel LPCM audio for another $30 if a user wanted to go that direction. The board supports Hybrid graphics although your money is better spent on a HD 4550 card instead of the previous generation HD 3450. J&W also included 128MB of 800MHz DDR2 memory for side-port functionality.

This board supports current 45W/65W/95W TDP AM2/AM2+ processors including the Phenom 8750 and 9350e series. J&W explicitly states that 125W or higher processors are not supported due to the three phase power delivery design. An additional warning is also provided that 95W TDP processors should only be utilized if proper heat dissipation is available for both the CPU and motherboard.

A single heatsink covers the 780G Northbridge and SB700 Southbridge. Unless your case is well ventilated, the chipset heatsink will require additional airflow to keep thermals under control. Fortunately, J&W is shipping a fairly quiet AVC Digital Home Series 4010 DC fan with the kit. Three fan connectors are included along with decent BIOS support for monitoring and control.

The board features a loaded I/O panel that consists of a PS2 keyboard port, six USB 2.0 ports, Optical and RCA S/PDIF ports, VGA/HDMI/DVI output, an eSATA port run off the SB700, an RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet port, and a audio panel featuring six 3.5mm jacks for the Realtek ALC 885 7.1 channel HD codec.

Installing SATA cables requires some forethought as the area between the heatsink, SATA/IDE ports, and the 24-pin ATX power connector is cramped. We installed the SATA cables on the board before case installation to alleviate any potential problems.

The MINIX 780G-SP128MB features 4GB memory support that is provided by two DDR2 200-pin SO-DIMM slots. This board supports DDR2-533, DDR2-667, DDR2-800, and DDR2-1066 memory speeds. DDR2-1066 support requires a Phenom based processor but without . We purchased 4GB of GSkill DDR2-800 with timings of 5-5-5-15 at 1.8V for $49, so there is not a significant cost penalty for using SO-DIMMs unless you are trying to locate the DDR2-1066 variety.

In the end, J&W has designed and produced a well engineered motherboard that has us excited about the mini-ITX market again.

 

November 13, 2008, 20 comments
  November 12, 2008

Lab Notes - Core i7 920 OC with Patriot Memory DDR3
blog post by Gary Key

We have been busily preparing an X58 motherboard roundup and overclocking guide that will be published shortly.  During the course of testing over the past few weeks we have encountered more than our fair share of problems.  Problems ranged from poor GPU driver support to BIOS releases that had difficulty booting 12GB memory configuration much less offering a decent performance or overclocking experience.

We are still not pleased with multi-GPU performance on the X58 platform and even less pleased that we do not expect to see several problems fixed until December.  That is a story for another time, but had we known ahead of time the number of problems we would encounter, our graphics card of choice for motherboard testing would not have been from AMD.

As for the motherboards, well we are finally at the point with the latest BIOS releases that we would not hesitate to purchase an X58 platform now.  Our latest BIOS releases from ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, and Intel are finally up to speed, not that they are perfect, but certainly worthy of stable 24/7 operation.   Memory compatibility and performance is greatly improved, on-board peripherals are working properly, and overclocking capabilities are up to speed now. We are utilizing the following BIOS spins for our two roundups, ASUS P6T-Deluxe (0901), ASUS Rampage II Extreme (0602), Intel DX58SO (2724), MSI Eclipse (1.121), and the Gigabyte GA-EX58-UD5 (F3D).  One note of interest is that we had several problems with our Rampage II Extreme board in regards to memory compatibility and overclocking.  The 0602 BIOS certainly improved the situation but ASUS has updated the board and retail units will incorporate the latest component updates.

In the meantime, we have burned through our credit lines at Newegg purchasing various DDR3 memory kits that are specified for use with the X58 platform.  Our latest purchase was 12GB of Patriot Memory PVT36G1600ELK featuring 9-9-9-24 timings at DDR3-1600 on 1.6V or so.  Patriot also offers the PVT36G1600LLK kit that features timings of 8-8-8-24 at DDR3-1600 speeds on the same voltages along with additional overclocking headroom.


One of our new benchmark tests is Microsoft's Flight Simulator X with the Acceleration expansion pack. FSX is multi-core aware and the i7 is a perfect match for this normally CPU intensive game.  Utilizing the ASUS P6T-Deluxe, i7 920, CoolIT System's Freezone Elite, Sapphire HD 4870, and 12GB of Patriot's latest memory we were able to push the system to a 24/7 benchmarking friendly 4009MHz (21x191) with memory speed at DDR3-1528 on 7-8-7-20 1N settings.  Our settings consisted of 1.3975V VCore, 1.64V VDimm, and the secret sauce setting of QPI voltage at 1.3750V.  Our FSX settings were run at Ultra High with AA/AF/DX10 enabled in order to stress the CPU and GPU during the benchmark sessions.

Keeping VCore, VDimm, and VQPI in proper sync is the key to a stable overclock at voltages that will not shorten your processor's lifespan, well not by that much from what we can tell at this point.  Intel's guidance continues to be not setting VCore past 1.55V, VDimm past 1.65V and VQPI (uncore to us) past 1.315V when overclocking.  Kris will go over this in detail shortly, but in my experiences so far, getting these three voltages too far out of sync will quickly cause problems as one of our i965 processors can attest to now. Keeping them in sync and tweaking a few other settings will result in a finely tuned system that is capable of running settings higher than Intel's guidance although it is a warranty buster.  At this point we like to keep VCore and VQPI within 0.0250~0.0375V of each other as you clock up, generally speaking, once you exceed about 1.3V on VCore it is time to start syncing these settings and others in the BIOS.  

For us, VQPI is one of the most sensitive settings in the BIOS and one that will reward the user with higher bclk and mclk capabilities quicker than most other settings (except VCore/VDimm, although clock skews and amplitude are critical tuning settings also).  When tweaking the BIOS, raising VQPI will generally allow memory speeds to either increase or memory timings to decrease without raising VDimm at certain gates.  Depending on the memory utilized, you can even trade off higher VQPI for lower VDimm and improved timings, it's all a balancing act. In fact, our Corsair DDR3-1600 6GB kit is capable of running at DDR3-1066 on 5-5-5-15 timings with 1.58V VDimm and VQPI raised slightly to 1.2125V.

The same holds true for running VCore slightly lower when you are looking for the highest possible overclock without exceeding the capabilities of your cooling solution. While the cascade and LN2 users will see different results and can push settings a lot further, for those of us on air or water, these settings are critical to getting the most out of this platform in a 24/7 environment.

We will be back shortly with additional results. In the meantime, we had excellent results with our first X58 specific memory kits from Patriot Memory.

 

Gallery: X58 Blog

November 12, 2008, 13 comments
  November 10, 2008

The Business of Tech: NVIDIA Q3’08
blog post by Ryan Smith
Here’s something for you to chew on during a Monday morning: NVIDIA’s Q3’08 financial results. NVIDIA’s quarters end a bit later than everyone else, so while AMD reported its Q3 data a couple of weeks ago, NVIDIA only posted its results a couple of days ago.

Q2 as you may recall was a bust for NVIDIA, with their first loss in quite some time due to a combination of problems regarding product prices and the costs of replacing defective mobile products. Not a great deal has changed in a single quarter, and Wall Street’s Q3 projections were rather pessimistic as a result.

With that said, for Q3 NVIDIA managed to get back into the black, posting a profit of $61.7 million, on revenue of $897.7 million. This is a marked decline from last year, where in the same quarter they pulled in $1.12 billion in revenue, alongside $235 million in profit. The silver lining to this however is that those pessimistic projections called for around half as much profit as NVIDIA actually posted, which ultimately made this a good quarter for NVIDIA. The company has been on solid enough ground that there hasn’t been a question of whether they’d continue turning a profit after Q2, but how much alongside what kind of revenue has been the question, and now we have the answers.

One interesting item from NVIDIA’s statement was that their gross margin is up, nearly 3%, from 39.1% to 41.9%. As NVIDIA has continued to take a soaking on the GTX 200 series, a more rational outcome would have been for those GPUs to drag the gross margin down; instead and in spite of that it’s up. Clearly NVIDIA is still finding a way to make money on what’s an expensive chip to make, and barring further price cuts things should further improve as they finish transitioning their GPUs to 55nm. Their “performance segment “ (which we take to mean the sub-$200 GF9 parts) is now entirely at 55nm, for example.

As we mentioned earlier, much of Q3 was driven by the same things as Q2; poor pricing and lost sales are the primary reasons that NVIDIA’s revenue and profit have dipped so much. But one significant thing has changed this quarter, and it has been NVIDIA’s ace that allowed them to beat the estimates: Apple. Getting the GeForce 9400M and 9600M into Apple’s laptops is a big deal for NVIDIA, as while those products aren’t particularly profitable, Apple’s fortune in the laptop market means that NVIDIA will be shipping a lot of them. Care should be taken not to read too much into this, but it’s a positive note on what’s otherwise a rough time.

And that rough time will be continuing into Q4. You know there’s a recession going on when Q3 revenue is expected to exceed Q4, which is exactly what is happening. NVIDIA is not counting on the usual Christmas spending that gives tech companies strong 4th quarters, which puts them in line with the rest of the tech industry where everyone is finally starting to feel the full brunt of the sputtering economy. NVIDIA’s own predictions would put Q4 revenue at around $850 million, making Q4 much like Q3: Shrinking revenue, with a decent but not fancy profit.

Finally, Rambus would like to remind everyone that they’re still trying to shake down NVIDIA for money (and the timing is not coincidental). Near the end of Q2 they filed suit against NVIDIA, and now they’re filing a complaint against NVIDIA with the US International Trade Commission. The complaints and the requested remedy are the same: Rambus wants an injunction barring NVIDIA and its partners from importing or selling infringing products (i.e. just about everything NVIDIA makes). Injunctions are often used to drive a company back to the bargaining table, so it’s very unlikely we’ll see one, but it bears mentioning. Given how slow the ITC is (it’ll take 30 days just to decide if they want to investigate) it’s not a matter that’s going to be resolved any time soon.

We’ll close with a quick mention of AMD and where things stand. The economic problems we mentioned earlier are just as applicable to AMD’s graphics division as they are NVIDIA, so there’s little expectation that either company will pull away from the other. If you ever wanted an example of equality in the graphics market, this is pretty much it; in the consumer space both are roughly tied in performance, and in the financial space both are slightly profitable. NVIDIA does blow away AMD in graphics revenue but this is largely due to better stratification by NVIDIA – they have a much better position in the high performance computing market than AMD’s graphics division does. It wouldn’t be too surprising to see someone blink and lower their prices again, with similar products and similar profits, neither one is well positioned to do much else in a single quarter beyond playing with prices.

November 10, 2008, 8 comments
  November 9, 2008

MySQL and the power of Intel SSDs
blog post by Johan De Gelas
More and more of the database vendors are talking about the wonders that SSD can do for transactional (OLTP) databases. So I read Anand's latest SSD article with more than usual interest. If many of the cheaper MLC SSD's write small blocks 20 times slower than a decent harddrive, these SSD's are an absolute nightmare for OLTP databases. 
 
In our last Dunnington review, we showed our latest virtualization test which includes 4 concurrent OLTP ("Sysbench") tests on four separate MySQL 5.1.23 databases in four ESX virtual machines. We were fairly confident that our 6 disks RAID-0 for data and 1 separate disk for logging were capable of keeping up. After all, each disk is a 300 GB Cheetah Seagate at 15000 rpm, probably one of the fastest (mechanical) disks on this planet as it can deliver up to 400 I/O per second (and 125 MB/s sequential data rate).
 
But it is better to be safe than to be sorry. We did extensive monitoring with IOstat (on a "native" SLES 10 SP2) and found the following numbers on the disk that performs the logging transactions: 
  • queue length is about 0.22 (More than 2 indicates that the harddisk can not keep up)
  • typical average I/O latency is 0.23 ms (90%), with about 10% spikes of 7 to 12 ms (we measure the average over the past 2 seconds) 
That reassured us that our transaction log disk was not a bottleneck. On a "normal" SLES 10 SP2 we achieved 1400 tr/s on a quad core (an anonymous CPU for now ;-). But Anand's article really got us curious and we replaced our mighty Cheetah disk with the Intel x25-M SSD (80 GB). All of a sudden we achieved 1900 tr/s! No less than 35% more transactions, just by replacing the disk that holds the log with the fastest SSD of the moment. That is pretty amazing if you consider that there is no indication whatsoever that we were bottlenecked by our log disk.
 
So we had to delve a little deeper. I first thought that as long as the harddisk is not the bottleneck, the number of transactions would be more or less the same with a faster disk. It turned out that I was somewhat wrong. 

In MySQL each user thread can issue a write when the transaction is commited . More importantly is a completely serial, there doesn't seem to be a separate log I/O thread which would allow our user thread to "fire" a disk operation "and forget". As we want to be fully ACID compliant our database is configured with
 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
 
So after each transaction is committed, there is a "pwrite" first, then followed by a flush to the disk. So the actual transactions performance is also influenced by the disk write latency even if the disk is nowhere near it's limits.
 
We still have to investigate this further but this seems to go a bit against the typical sizing advice that is given for OLTP databases: make sure your log disks achieve a certain numbers of I/Os or put otherwise: "make sure you have enough spindles". That doesn't seem to paint the complete picture: as each write to disk action seems to be in the "critical speed path" of your transaction, each individual access latency seems to influence performance.
 
We monitored the same Sysbench benchmark on our Intel X25-M disk: 
  • Queue length is lower: 0.153 (but 0.2 was already very low)
  • typical access latency: an average 0.1 with very few spikes of 0.5 ms.
  • 1900 instead of 1400 tr/s
 So our conclusion so far seems to be that in case of MySQL OLTP, sizing for IO/s seems to be less important than the individual write latency. To put it more blunt: in many cases even tens of of spindles will not be able to beat one SSD as each individual disk spindle has a relatively high latency. We welcome your feedback!
 
 
 



November 9, 2008, 33 comments
  November 6, 2008

Transformation: A North Carolina Story
blog post by Wesley Fink
While AnandTech Editors can be found in many cities and countries around the world, most of you are already aware that Anand himself and AnandTech are headquartered in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. I also grew up in North Carolina and went to college in North Carolina. Today I live in New York, but much of my family - "home" if you will - is still in North Carolina.
 
That is certainly why I was profoundly moved by the announcement, just a few hours ago, that MSNBC and the Associated Press have finally moved North Carolina to the Barack Obama column in the Presidential election. The networks concluded that the number of provisional ballots remaining to be counted were less than the current narrow lead held by Obama, and that no other outcome was really possible.
 
There are advantages to working for a CEO who began this website when he was 13 years old, and who is now an old man in his mid-20’s. Everyone assumes you are in the same age group as your boss, and despite the fact that I am the longest running current staff member at AT (other than Anand), most just assume I am in school or a fairly recent grad. I am flattered by that assumption, because I am actually a grandfather with three grown children. They grew up on my knee at the computer. They are all now graduated, successful in their fields, and all work either directly or indirectly in the computer industry.
 
For the work I do at AnandTech my age is irrelevant, but my age is totally relevant to my immense sense of satisfaction in the fact that North Carolina voted for Barrack Obama – even by the slimmest of margins. Younger commentators will talk about North Carolina as a dependable Conservative Red state until now, and the explosive growth and changing demographics of a state that has become Wall Street South and a Technology hub. For me the victory in North Carolina of a man with an African Father and a White Mother is much more personal, and nothing short of revolutionary. It is something I was not sure I would see in my home state of North Carolina in my lifetime.
 
When I grew up in North Carolina all the schools were integrated and “separate but equal” was the “progressive” law of the state. I still recall the gasps in a gathered crowd when my wife, a nurse, and I stopped at an accident and tried to help a gravely injured man who happened to be black. I was performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation at her direction and she was trying to control bleeding as best she could while we were waiting for a “colored” ambulance service that seemed to take forever to arrive.
 
As a College student I marched for Civil Rights and participated in sit-ins at lunch counters in Greensboro, NC and other NC cities. Fortunately these events were mostly peaceful in my home state, and while we saw lots of anger and name-calling, we didn’t see the murder and bombings that were happening in places like Alabama and Mississippi. That certainly does not justify the grievous discrimination that was a part of the fabric of my home state, but I will be forever grateful that for the most part the transition that was taking place was loud but mostly peaceful.
 
I also remember as a child that North Carolina was a reliably Democratic state in the days before Red and Blue became boundaries for hate and intolerance. North Carolina, as a southern state, was particularly hard-hit by the Great Depression. As a result the South saw Franklin Roosevelt as something of a God. It was simply that he and the US government paid attention to an area of the country that had been widely ignored except by those who exploited the region’s resources and cheap labor. The public works and infrastructure jobs created in the South by FDR had a profound effect on the area surviving the Depression and coming out of it with hopes that the South could be vital again. Because of the Fed investments in the South during the Depression North Carolina and the South were solidly Democratic.
 
In the 1950s a progressive Democratic Governor named Luther Hodges pioneered the concept of Research Triangle Park, which today is recognized throughout the world. When JFK was elected in 1960 his cabinet included a North Carolina Governor, Terry Sanford, who later went on to serve as President of Duke University.
 
All of that changed with the Civil Rights movement. People like Jessie Helms and Strom Thurmond, who favored segregation, changed parties as did others in the South who wanted things to stay as they were. They became the open champions of racism in the beginning and preached a more subtle brand of racism as it became less popular to openly look down on someone for the color of their skin. Regardless of the subtlety those who grew up in the South knew the emergence of the Republican Party in the South was initially based on Racism, a fact that was particularly puzzling since Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican President.
 
The last BIG play of the racism card in NC was the now-famous “hands” ad crafted by Karl Rove for the then losing Jessie Helms Senate campaign against Harvey Gantt, the popular black ex-Mayor of Charlotte. Gantt was ahead in the polls. a fact that had to be maddening to the NC Senator that created a career out of the politics of racial and intellectual hate. In the last few days the Helms campaign flooded the TV stations with that ad with the white speaker crumpling a letter telling him he had not gotten a job. The ad went on to reflect “. . . you needed that job but you lost it to a person hired because of Affirmative Action”. The hands ad turned the tide and pulled out the closest Senate race of Helms' career.
 
It is because one of the Republican Party’s legacies in the South is racism that the victories by Barrack Obama in North Carolina and Virginia are clearly revolutionary. Republicans represent many other things in other areas of the US, but in the South that legacy of racism has remained. The fact that an African-American has won my home state and Virginia is a repudiation of that legacy. This turn may be temporary and a reflection of the dire Economic conditions and international wars that now plague the US. I don’t think it is, but even if Republicans win North Carolina again in 4 years or 8 years, the party will never be able to effectively play the racism card again. There are areas of the South, it turns out, where running a campaign based on racism and hate and fear just won’t play reliably any more.
 
The Obama win in North Carolina and Virginia is also good news for the Republican Party. The victory by a man with an African Father and White Mother who describes himself as a "mutt" has forever destroyed that racial barrier. No matter your political persuasion we are all better off in toppling those barriers. We can never again assume in any future Red victory in the South that it was at least partly the result of lingering racism.
 
This victory also presents the opportunity for the Republich Party to decide what it really stands for today.  Perhaps in reinventing itself from this humiliating landslide victory by the Democrats, the Republican Party can find a way to be inclusive again – embracing African-Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, Gays, Atheists, Muslims, and ALL Americans, instead of preaching the politics of exclusion, barrier fences, and fear.
  
In America, it turns out, you really can grow up to be President – no matter the color of your skin or the heritage of your parents or the label others might apply to your beliefs. What has happened in my home state today and in the US in the last few days is truly a Transformation.
 
The majority of our readers are under 30, and I really think you get it more than us old fogies. In many ways that’s good news, and I'm glad so many of you get what's going on.  However, getting to where we are today was painful and emotional for many of us.  Telling the story is one way of letting go of those emotions.

November 6, 2008, 41 comments
  October 31, 2008

AnandTech Community Update 10/31/08
blog post by Derek Wilson
It's time, once again, for our AnandTech Community Update. It's been a busy week on the site testing and preparing for some launches next week, and this month is chalk full of awesome upcoming games. Let's take a look at the discussions going on in our forums about all the fun.

All About Apple houses a fantastic guide to Hackintoshery including not only tips and tricks, but full install instructions and recommended rigs (best for compatibility) ranging from $350 - $1000. We've looked at Hackintosh in the past, but the best place to find the most up to day information is in the posts of the people currently building and installing systems.

There has been some speculation on what's next from AMD in discussion on the future RV870. Obviously all this is totally unconfirmed and to be taken with a grain of salt, but it's always fun to talk about the possibilities. As for other unreleased products, there is more discussion about Windows 7 going on as well. Of course, in this case we do know more about what the final product will end up being, but it's still talk about future tech.

Last week, with the release of Far Cry 2, we saw NVIDIA and AMD release beta drivers to support this (among other developments). The road has been rocky, though, for CrossFire performance with AMD's hotfix drivers. Without AA enabled, performance drops like a rock but seems fine with AA enabled. There is talk about the latest hotfix revision (that came out this week) in our video forum. Keep in mind that all beta drivers are prone to more issues as they aren't as heavily QA'd. Even NVIDIA's latest beta driver doesn't have all the features enabled.

Switching gears to politics, there is some discussion of the Obama infomercial. I haven't seen it yet, and I've already voted myself. But it politics always makes for interesting discussion. Just keep in mind that our Politics and News forum gets a little more contentious and aggressive than our other forums. It's best to cary a thick skin when venturing in there.

In our Gadgets and Gear forum, we've got talk of the upcoming Sony Ericsson Xperia X1. Looks interesting, but also looks pricy. We'll have to see if it can live up to its cost when it makes its debut. We do expect the discussion in there to pick up once the Blackberry Storm hits as well.
 
For those near Atlanta, GA, some of our forum members are going to be involved in a bit of a LAN party. If you're into that kind of thing.

We'll finish up this post with lots of links to discussion of recently released and upcoming console games. There are a lot of really awesome titles either floating around or getting ready to emerge. Here's our short list:

 






Console Gaming is rounded out by a discussion of Netflix being added to the Xbox 360.
 

October 31, 2008, 0 comments
  October 30, 2008

Ups and Downs in Benchmarking Far Cry 2
blog post by Derek Wilson

Sometimes setbacks happen. I had been planning an article on top to bottom graphics hardware performance in Far Cry 2 for this week. This was already pushing it with a platform change, and it just got to be too much to get it all finished in time. In time for what? Well, in this case it was the fact that AMD just released a new hotfix driver for Far Cry 2 that fixes a couple rendering issues the original hotfix had. It wouldn't do to publish an article with numbers from an old driver, so here we are retesting things.

But that's no reason to disappoint our readers. Far Cry 2 is a decent looking game that many have been interested in for a while. I haven't really played the game much (just doing testing) so I can't comment on the goodness of the game. But I can comment on the complete awesomeness of the benchmark tool it comes with.

The Far Cry 2 benchmark tool owns all other built in benchmark tools around. So far there are only two issues we have with it. We want it to be able to take screenshots at a specific frame or at specific intervals, and we want it to be just a little more stable. The former issue is of less importance than the latter, as there are other ways to take screenshots. But stability is the only thing that really stands in the way of some incredible analysis. If running more than 5 to 10 different test cases, we've found the tool to be likely not to complete. If individual runs fail, we'd still like to see the benchmark continue, but unfortunately it just stops.

This is a big issue when performing 60 runs. That's right, 2 DX versions, 2 AA settings (off and 4x), 3 quality settings, and 5 resolutions. It's a data collectors dream come true. Not only do they keep CSV files with frame data for all frames from each of the 3 loops we are running per test, but they build a nice html file with all the data for easy access and even display a graph of instantaneous framerate per frame. Even though I haven't had the chance to re-run our AMD numbers, here's a sample of what we're looking at:

Comparing this to the DX9 and to the Radeon HD 4870 in both DX9 and DX10 will be quite informative. As we can see, even at the maximum possible settings, we still get playable framerates. This is really a testament to the engine, as Ubisoft were able to do some great things with the visuals while still providing excellent playability across the board.

Under DX10, High and Very High quality settings don't differ in performance nearly as much as Ultra. In fact, you can get Very High quality with 4xAA for about the price of Ultra quality in most cases with this test under the GTX 280. Performance with 4xAA tends to drop off faster as resolution increases than without regardless of quality mode. This makes sense because as resolution increases the added memory needs for 4xAA increase as well. I'll get in to more analysis of the data when we get the numbers for the article done.

The benchmark tool offers lots of other cool features beyond just running billions of tests in an automated way. For instance, we can run fixed time length demos in which the camera travels a path and frames are rendered as fast as possible -- like the game is played. These are similar to FRAPS tests, but the data that's collected is much more repeatable because the camera path is fixed. We can also run a fixed number of frames timedemo. A timedemo is useful because it renders the exact same set of frames each time as fast as possible. This way, we have a more consistent work load and know what's going on better. Of course, this stresses different things. Each type of test has it's use, and buidling in this kind of flexibility is incredible.

We commend Ubisoft for creating such an AMAZING benchmarking tool. I hate SecureROM because dealing with activations is tough when we build and/or reinstall new systems all the time and our hardware is always changing. But the benchmark tool almost makes up for it. Almost. Every other game developer needs to copy this tool immediately and put it in every game.

Anyway, I'm off to bed for now. I'll be testing this more tomorrow with the latest drivers and will get this wrapped up some time early next week most likely. I'm hoping to have some neat surprises in here that are made possible by the flexibility of the benchmark tool. But no promises ;-)


October 30, 2008, 14 comments
  October 29, 2008

Kingston HyperX DDR3 - 2GHz Triple Channel Kit for X58
blog post by Gary Key

Kingston is launching their new HyperX Triple Channel kits for the upcoming i7/X58 platform today. The 3GB kits will ship first with 6GB kits following shortly. Speed ranges for the HyperX family will range from 1375MHz up to 2000MHz. The triple channel ValueRAM kits will be available immediately in 1066/1333MHz speed bins in both 3GB and 6GB capacities. Kingston is providing an overview of the 3GB 1600MHz kit running at 2GHz (something we are not allowed to do yet) on the ASUS P6T Deluxe on YouTube. The link is: Kingston 2GHz Results.

The official press release is below -

Kingston Technology Launches HyperX DDR3 2GHz Triple-Channel Memory in Support of Intel Core i7, X58 Platforms

First to Market with Fastest Memory at 1.65 volts

Fountain Valley, CA -- October 29, 2008 -- Kingston Technology Company, Inc., the independent world leader in memory products, today announced it is first to ship 2GHz memory in triple-channel configuration designed specifically for the new Intel-based X58 motherboards. Kingston's HyperX® DDR3 2GHz memory, available now, come in kits of three 1GB modules that are Intel® XMP (Extreme Memory Profile) ready meeting the Core i7 1.65 volt platform recommendation.

"Kingston is excited to bring the fastest DDR3 triple channel memory products to market as we are the first to deliver 2000MHz gaming kits of three with Intel's reduced voltage,” said Mark Tekunoff, senior technology manager, Kingston®. "All of our triple-channel kits can be overclocked manually or by using XMP-ready profiles. The 2GHz modules have been tested to support up to that speed on ASUS P6T Deluxe motherboards while the Intel DX58SO motherboards have been tested up to 1600MHz.”

In addition to the top-of-the-line 2000MHz, Kingston's family of triple-channel kits include 1866- and 1800MHz, and low-latency 1600- and 1375MHz speeds. Kingston ValueRAM® kits of three are also available in 1333MHz and 1066MHz, in 1- and 2GB capacities.

Kingston HyperX & ValueRAM DDR3 Specifications:

Part Number
KHX16000D3K3/3GX
3GB 2000MHz (CL9-9-9-27 @ 1.65v) kit of 3 optimized for XMP $ 334.00

KHX14900D3K3/3GX
3GB 1866MHz (CL9-9-9-27 @ 1.65v) kit of 3 optimized for XMP $ 317.00

KHX14400D3K3/3GX
3GB 1800MHz (CL9-9-9-27 @ 1.65v) kit of 3 optimized for XMP $ 312.00

KHX12800D3LLK3/3GX
3GB 1600MHz (CL8-8-8-24 @ 1.65v) kit of 3 optimized for XMP $ 285.00

KHX11000D3LLK3/3GX
3GB 1375MHz (CL7-7-7-20 @ 1.65v) kit of 3 optimized for XMP $ 192.00

KVR1333D3N9K3/6G
6GB 1333MHz (CL9-9-9 @ 1.5v) ValueRAM kit of 3 $ 240.00

KVR1333D3N9K3/3G
3GB 1333MHz (CL9-9-9 @ 1.5v) ValueRAM kit of 3 $ 132.00

KVR1066D3N7K3/6G
6GB 1066MHz (CL7-7-7 @ 1.5v) ValueRAM kit of 3 $ 240.00

KVR1066D3N7K3/3G
3GB 1066MHz (CL7-7-7 @ 1.5v) ValueRAM kit of 3 $ 132.00

Kingston HyperX is backed by a lifetime warranty and free 24/7 technical support. For more detailed information please visit the Kingston Web site at www.kingston.com.


October 29, 2008, 5 comments
  October 28, 2008

So Whatever Happened To That Ubuntu Article?
blog post by Ryan Smith
At some point I made the mistake of trying to set a hard date on our Month With Ubuntu article; Mr. Murphy wasted no time in using that as proof of his infamous law.

You guys have (rightfully) been asking over the last few months where the article has been, and the answer to that has kept slipping. Just about everything that could go wrong in the 6 month span did go wrong, most of them unrelated to Ubuntu itself. For what I'll leave as simply "external" reasons, Mr. Murphy has continually thwarted my attempts to write a comprehensive Ubuntu article, until now.

The article is just about finished, and the goal right now (however unlikely it may be) is to get it out no later than the 30th, the release date for the next version of Ubuntu, 8.10. This creates a clear problem with timing, so allow me to explain the hows and whys.

The decision has been made to finish the 8.04 article, as that's what I have been using for nearly the last 6 months. Switching to 8.10 would effectively invalidate much of the experiment, and push it back once more. As 8.04 is a long term support release, we feel that it's best to start there, even if the article ends up outdated by the release of Ubuntu 8.10. The short life cycle (and short support cycle) of non-LTS releases means that we're uncomfortable basing too much on a revision of Ubuntu that was never meant to last.

What you'll be getting is a comprehensive review of 8.04, looking at both the structure of the Ubuntu project (support, release schedule, the bundling of software, etc) and the applications and experience of using the OS. If there is a positive side to the delay, it's that the article that we'll be publishing now is different than what we would have published on our initial schedule. 6 months has changed some things; some for the better, others for worse. In retrospect the article we would have given you would not be as refined as it should be, there are some things about Ubuntu that simply don't become evident inside of a single month. So look forward to a long-term review of a long-term release.
 
In turn this will set the stage for 8.10. Whether we will review every Ubuntu release from here-on out is in the air, but it is unfair to look at only 8.04 when it is no longer the newest version. We will be publishing an addendum dealing with 8.10 some time in November, after we've had a chance to sit down with it and get a good feel for it. And that will allow us to offer a comprehensive look at Ubuntu, both from a long term perspective and a bleeding edge perspective.
 
Beyond that, this will mark a return to some kind of regular Linux coverage here on AnandTech, so stay tuned to see what else we have cooking.
 
Oh, and one last thing. While we're on the subject of Linux, today only Codeweavers is giving away free copies of Crossover, their commercial version of WINE. Their servers are already gutted, so this is probably a mean thing to do, but if you're a Linux user (or a Mac user) wanting to check out a well-built WINE distribution, head to their site and grab a free copy of Crossover and/or Crossover Games while you can. We'll be touching on WINE and Crossover in our Ubuntu 8.04 article, as a way to cope with the loss of certain Windows programs.

October 28, 2008, 11 comments
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